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''This article was written in 2007, with some updates in 2010 and most recently changed in 2012 concerning access data. Please feel free to further update it.'' Water supply and sanitation in Brazil is characterized by both achievements and challenges. Among the achievements is an increase in access to water piped on premises from 79% to 92% between 1990 and 2010; an increase in access to improved sanitation from 68% to 79% in the same period;〔WHO/UNICEF: (Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation ), 2008, pp. 41-53〕 a functioning national system to finance water and sanitation infrastructure; a high level of cost recovery compared to most other developing countries; as well as a number of notable technical and financial innovations such as condominial sewerage and an output-based subsidy for treated wastewater called PRODES. Among the challenges is the still high number of poor Brazilians living in urban slums (favela) and in rural areas without access to piped water or sanitation; water scarcity in the Northeast of Brazil; water pollution, especially in the South-East of the country; the low share of collected wastewater that is being treated (35% in 2000); and long-standing tensions between the federal, state and municipal governments about their respective roles in the sector. == Access == Access to piped water supply in Brazil stood at 92% and access to improved sanitation also at 79% in 2010.〔〔(WHO UNESCO Joint Monitoring Project (JMP) )〕 Coverage is significantly higher in urban areas, where 87% of the Brazilian population live. Urban coverage is 100% for water and 85% for improved sanitation, including 53% access to sewerage, the remainder being accounted for by on-site sanitation. Coverage in rural areas, where 13% of Brazil’s population lives, is much lower. It stands at 85% for improved water supply and only 44% for improved sanitation. Geographically coverage is lowest in the country’s poorest regions: particularly in predominantly rural North, Northeast, and Center-West. Oficial data for every municipality in Brazil are published in the National Information System (SNIS ) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Water supply and sanitation in Brazil」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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